Comparison of a Mediterranean to a low-fat diet intervention in adults with type 1 diabetes and metabolic syndrome: A 6–month randomized trial

Background and aims

The metabolic syndrome (MS) is an emerging complication in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D), with no preventive or therapeutic treatment reported yet. We wanted to compare the impact of two 6-month nutritional interventions, based on a Mediterranean (MED) or a low-fat diet, on waist circumference, anthropometric and metabolic outcomes in patients with both T1D and the MS.

Changes in (poly)phenols intake and metabolic syndrome risk over ten years from adolescence to adulthood

Background and aims(Poly)phenols might contribute to prevent cardiovascular disease, but limited prospective studies exist among adolescents. This study aimed to evaluate within-subject longitudinal changes in (poly)phenols intakes and food group contributors while also exploring the association with metabolic syndrome risk (MetS) during 10 years of follow up in European adolescents becoming young adults.Methods and resultsIn 164 participants (58% girls, 13-18 y at baseline) from Ghent, Zaragoza and Lille, longitudinal data (2006–2016) on (poly)phenol intake was retrieved via 2 or 3 24 h recalls. Linear and logistic longitudinal regression tested the association of (poly)phenols intake (total and classes) with Mets risk or its components (waist-height-ratio, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, blood pressure and insulin resistance index), adjusted for age, sex, country and other nutrient intakes. The total (poly)phenols intake was 421 ± 107 mg/day (192 mg/1000 kcal/day) at baseline, while 610 ± 101 mg/day (311 mg/1000 kcal/day) at follow-up. The three major food sources for (poly)phenols were ‘chocolate’, ‘fruit and vegetable juices’, ‘cakes and biscuits’ during adolescence and ‘coffee’, ‘tea’ and ‘chocolate’ during adulthood. Phenolic acid intake was associated with less LDL increase over time, while stilbene intake with a steeper increase in triglycerides over time.ConclusionsDifferences in major (poly)phenols contributors over time were partially explained by age-specific dietary changes like increased coffee and tea during adulthood. Some significant (poly)phenols-MetS associations might argue for nutrition-based disease prevention during adolescence, especially since adolescents had low (poly)phenols intake.     

腰围身高比值与高血压关系研究进展

流行病学研究表明,腰围身高比值（WHtR）作为反应向心性肥胖的人体测量指标之一,对高血压具有良好的预测性。该文对WHtR指标特点,WHtR与高血压发生、患病相关关系,WHtR对高血压发生的预测能力以及基础医学研究中WHtR反映的向心性肥胖与高血压发生机制等方面进行综述。     

Optimal cut‐off point of waist circumference for the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome in Japanese subjects

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been redefined by a new criterion in Japan, in which waist circumference cut‐off points, that is 85 cm for men and 90 cm for women, are used; however, objections are rising against this criterion. The present study examined the criterion for waist circumference to predict the accumulation of the components of MetS. In the present study, we used data for 5972 Japanese people who received annual health examinations, and 621 men (16.3%) and 51 women (2.4%) were diagnosed as having MetS. A cut‐off point as a predictor for two or more components of MetS was evaluated by the sensitivity/specificity and a receiver operating characteristic analysis. The optimal point of waist circumference was estimated as being approximately 84 cm for men and 80 cm for women. We therefore recommend revising the cut‐off value for the criterion of MetS in women according to our results and studies from other investigators. (J Diabetes Invest, doi: 10.1111/j.2040‐1124.2010.00020.x, 2010)     

腰椎间盘突出症的临床护理体会

腰椎间盘突出症是骨科常见病、多发病,主要表现为腰痛及放射性下肢疼痛,站立及行走时加重,严重影响患者的生活及工作.随着人们认识的不断加深和影像学技术的发展,提高了本病的认识水平和正确诊断率,治疗方法也出现了多样化的趋势,传统的保守疗法也出现了许多新的临床进展.我们通过对2007-2009年收治的腰椎间盘突出症患者进行牵引,药物并配合功能锻炼等治疗和护理,疗效满意.现从几个方面介绍一下护理体会.     

针刺推拿治疗颈椎病屈度异常

目的：研究牵引、手法及局部注射对腰椎间盘突出症的治疗效果.方法：将腰椎间盘突出症患者176例随机分为观察组和对照组,观察组采用牵引、手法配合局部注射治疗,对照组在此基础上没有采用局部注射治疗,其余相同.治疗前均进行体检和腰椎CT扫描,治疗后均进行功能活动评分.结果：治疗后观察组功能改善评分明显提高,效果优于对照组,经统计学处理（P〈0.01）两组有明显差异.结论：对腰椎间盘突出症患者采用牵引、手法配合局部注射治疗,对疼痛和功能的改善有明显效果,可以提高临床疗效.     

骨科熥药配合腰椎牵引治疗腰椎间盘突出症的临床疗效观察

目的：观察骨科熥药配合腰椎牵引治疗腰椎间盘突出症的临床疗效.方法：纳入符合腰椎间盘突出症诊断标准病例100例,随机分为治疗组和对照组,治疗组采用骨科熥药配合腰椎牵引的方法,一个月为一疗程;对照组采用推腰椎牵引一个月为一疗程,分别于治疗前后观察病人疼痛、腰椎活动度等情况,判定其疗效.结果：治疗组与对照组均能有效治疗腰椎间盘突出症,总有效率比较治疗组略占优势.结论：骨科熥药配合腰椎牵引治疗腰椎间盘突出症疗效显著,有助于改善患者生活质量.     

新诊断2型糖尿病患者体重与血脂的相关性研究

目的探讨新诊断2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者体重与血脂谱的特点。方法对136例新诊断T2DM患者作为研究对象,根据体重指数(BMI)分为体重正常组、超重组和肥胖组;又根据腰围及腰臀比分为正常组及肥胖组,分别比较各组间血脂谱的特点。结果新诊断的(T2DM)患者中血脂异常117例(86.03%),与正常组比较,肥胖组中甘油三脂(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)及尿酸(UA)较正常组增高,其中TG、TC及UA差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论新诊断T2DM患者血脂异常发生率高,且随体重增加,与TG、TC及UA升高呈正相关。     

3 156例原发性高血压脂肪分布与大动脉缓冲功能关系研究

目的研究肥胖和局部体脂分布与原发性高血压患者大动脉缓冲功能的关系.方法对3156例原发性高血压患者分别测量血压、身高、体重、腰围和臀围,根据体重指数将其分为非超重组、超重组和肥胖组,并按腰臀围比值分为中心性肥胖组和非中心性肥胖组,应用法国产自动脉搏波速度测定仪Complior测量颈动脉-股动脉脉搏波速度,分析比较体重指数和腰臀围比值(≥0.95者认为是中心性肥胖)与脉搏波速度的关系.结果体重指数和脉搏波速度不相关,而女性腰臀围比值和脉搏波速度呈正相关(r＝0.220,P＜0.0001).女性中心性肥胖组脉搏波速度明显高于非中心性肥胖组,有极显著差异(11.96m/svs.11.06m/s,P＜0.001),在校正年龄、身高、收缩压、心率、体重指数和脉压等影响因素后,两组间仍有极显著差异(11.61m/svs.11.24m/s,P＜0.0).但男性两组间无明显差别.结论女性原发性高血压患者中心性肥胖是影响大动脉缓冲功能的重要因素.     

正常空腹血糖与心血管疾病危险因素的相关性研究

目的探讨正常空腹血糖与心血管疾病及其危险因素的相关性。方法入选对象按空腹血糖结果分为以下4组:3.9~4.4 mmol/L为A组;4.5~5.1 mmol/L为B组;5.2~5.6 mmol/L为C组;5.7~6.1 mmol/L为D组。计算各组异常临床变量的相关指标及与空腹血糖的线性关系,比较各组间的差异性,并通过Logistic回归分析探讨正常空腹血糖与心血管危险因素间的关系。结果 (1)4组年龄、体质指数(BMI)、腰围(WC)、三酰甘油(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)及平均压间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),两两比较显示D组年龄、TG明显高于A、B、C组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);D组TC明显高于B、C组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);C、D组SBP、DBP、平均压明显高于B组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。4组患者的BMI比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),两两比较显示:D组与B组比较差异有统计学意义;C组与A、B组比较差异有统计学意义。4组患者女性WC间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),两两比较显示A组与B、C、D组差异有统计学意义,B组与C、D...